基于约束最小二乘的三维点云墙体重建

近年来,基于点云的室内三维重建在各个领域得到了越来越多的关注.然而通过点云重建室内模型仍有许多问题需要解决:①重建模型的几何特征约束性较差;②模型几何特征拓扑重构复杂;③模型多为表面模型未构建实体模型.针对以上问题,提出了一种基于约束最小二乘的线特征方法实现室内墙体的重建.首先采用局部最小二乘拟合和全局区域生长的思想从点云提取线特征.然后基于约束最小二乘的思想构造全局约束矩阵约束线特征,通过固定区域线段相交方法重构拓扑关系.最后,构造线段缓冲区确定内外墙线重建墙体模型.通过几组数据进行实验,结果表明该方法重建的墙体模型具有几何结构完整和特征约束性强的特点.     

长江河口潮波传播机制及阈值效应分析

河口潮波传播过程受沿程地形(如河宽辐聚、水深变化)及上游径流等诸多因素影响,时空变化复杂。径潮动力非线性相互作用研究有利于揭示河口潮波传播的动力学机制,对河口区水资源高效开发利用具有重要指导意义。本文基于2007—2009年长江河口沿程天生港、江阴、镇江、南京、马鞍山、芜湖的逐日高、低潮位数据及大通站日均流量数据,统计分析不同河段潮波衰减率与余水位坡度随流量的变化特征,结果表明潮波衰减率绝对值与余水位坡度随流量增大并不是单调递增,而是存在一个阈值流量和区域,对应潮波衰减效应的极大值。为揭示这一阈值现象,采用一维水动力解析模型对研究河段的潮波传播过程进行模拟。结果表明,潮波传播的阈值现象主要是由于洪季上游回水作用随流量加强,余水位及水深增大,导致河口辐聚程度减小,而余水位坡度为适应河口形状变化亦有所减小,从而形成相对应的阈值流量和区域。     

烃源岩不同性质有机酸的分离及其检测方法

烃源岩中的有机酸来源于有机质，但有机质具有不同的赋存形式，有机酸具有不同性质，这将影响有机酸与不同赋存有机质的关系，进而影响分离和检测方法。文章在总结前人对有机质赋存形式和有机酸性质等特征的基础上，提出烃源岩中的有机酸并以非单一的形式存在，具有水溶性、脂溶性和难溶性有机酸三种类型，游离有机质中存在水溶性和脂溶性有机酸，而结合有机质中存在水溶性、脂溶性和难溶性有机酸。因此在检测方法上需采取分步分离的方法，且根据有机酸的性质选取合适的检测方法，即水溶性有机酸利用离子色谱检测，索氏抽提得到的脂溶性有机酸利用气相色谱—质谱检测，通过酸解抽提残渣得到的难溶性有机酸利用红外光谱检测，全面系统地认识烃源岩中有机酸含量和类型等特征。这对进一步探讨烃源岩各种类型有机酸特征和演化规律，深化烃源岩有机质生烃以及有机—无机相互作用等机理都具有重要意义。     

不同顶管组合方式的管幕冻结温度场模型试验

拱北隧道作为港珠澳大桥珠海连接线的关键性工程， 在国内外首次成功运用了管幕冻结技术。以此为背景， 为更加全面地掌握饱和软土地层中管幕冻结温度场的分布特点， 开展了不同顶管组合方式下的管幕冻结温度场模型试验研究。试验结果表明： 各测点温度曲线在积极冻结期前4 h急剧下降， 随后逐渐减缓， 降至砂土冰点后趋于平稳， 三种布管方式均满足冻结设计要求； 冻结管中低温盐水提供的冷量首先传递给顶管管壁， 再以“面”的形式均匀地传递给周围土体； 积极冻结21 h后， 采用四根空顶管组合的C区冻结壁竖向范围最大， 空管管壁正上方冻结壁平均厚度约为105 mm， 在满足管幕刚度设计要求的前提下， 可采此布管方式以达到快速形成冻结帷幕的目的。限位管开启后的4 h内， 实顶管中线垂直距离100 mm范围内测点温度曲线虽有明显回升但仍维持在冻土冰点以下， 超出此范围后温度变化影响逐渐减弱， 且顶管间冻结壁稳定存在， 表明限位管在满足管间有效封水的条件下， 能在一定范围内起到定向限制地层冻胀的作用。优化后的双圆形冻结管在满足冻结设计要求的同时， 更加便于安装且经济环保。     

Temporal-Spatial Variation of Surface Suspended Matter and Controlling Factors in the Inner Shelf of the East China Sea in Winter

Based on the observed surface suspended matter in the East China Sea in February 2007 and June 2015, an empirical model was established using L1 b's band 4 data to retrieve surface suspended matter from the Moderate Resolution Imagine Spectroradiometer Terra imagery. The squared correlation coefficient is 0.8358, and the root mean square error is 0.4285 mg L-1. The model reflects the distribution characteristics of surface suspended matter in the inner shelf of the East China Sea. In this paper, the satellite images of the study area were retrieved in January from 2001 to 2015, and the monthly distribution of surface suspended matter were obtained. The inter-annual distribution of the study area is similar, and the concentration of surface suspended matter is higher near the shore than offshore. A large amount of surface suspended matter is transported southeast under the influence of Zhejiang and Fujian coastal current and Taiwan warm current. Only a small amount of surface suspension can reach the Kuroshio area. The surface suspended matter concentration changes obviously near the estuary because of the effect of differences in the flux of the Yangtze River. Meanwhile, winter monsoon, temperature front, El Ni?o events, and other factors affect the distribution of surface suspended matter in 100 m isobath to coastal water but minimally influence the distribution in 100 m isobath to deep sea.     

全二维气相色谱-电子捕获检测器测定复杂基质土壤中24种有机氯和拟除虫菊酯类农药

目前针对环境样品中有机氯和拟除虫菊酯类农药的检测方法主要有气相色谱法和气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS），由于气相色谱法采用电子捕获检测器从而具有较高的灵敏度，在污染物的环境行为研究中得到广泛应用，GC-MS法的定性效果好，但检测灵敏度相对偏低。本文研究了2018年土壤详查江苏地区样品中有机氯农药和拟除虫菊酯的残留状况，结果显示，即使经过多次净化仍有20%的样品存在假阳性或基质干扰现象。为了提高定性准确度，同时保证检测灵敏度，实验建立了复杂基质土壤中20种有机氯农药和4种拟除虫菊酯的全二维气相色谱-电子捕获检测器检测方法，最终选择中等极性的TG-35MS为第一色谱柱，非极性的（DB-1）为第二色谱柱，将鲜样与无水硫酸钠混合均匀后，以正己烷-丙酮（1：1，V/V）为提取剂进行索氏提取，采用全二维气相色谱-电子捕获检测器进行检测，外标法定量。各物质的质量浓度均在1.0~500μg/L内与其峰面积呈线性关系，相关系数均大于0.995，检出限为0.02~0.17μg/kg。用标准加入法进行回收实验，测得回收率为80.7%~103.5%，测定值的相对标准偏差（n=6）为1.84%~10.12%。本方法将高灵敏度检测器与全二维色谱相结合，在保证检测灵敏度的同时增加了峰容量，有效去除了基质干扰。相比2018年土壤详查参考方法HJ 835—2017的检出限0.02~0.09mg/kg（全扫模式），本方法检出限显著降低，且操作简单，可为复杂基质样品中的痕量超痕量检测提供参考。     

Morphodynamics of an Artificial Cobble Beach in Tianquan Bay,Xiamen, China

By tracking and monitoring the profile configuration, topography, and hydrodynamic factors of an artificial cobble beach in Tianquan Bay, Xiamen, China over three consecutive years after its completion, we analyzed the evolution of its profile configuration and plane morphology, and its storm response characteristics. The evolution of the profile configuration of the artificial cobble beach in Tianquan Bay can be divided into four stages. The beach was unstable during the initial stage after the beach nourishment the profile configuration changed obviously, and an upper concave composite cobble beach formed gradually, which was characterized by a steep upper part and a gentle lower part. In the second stage, the cobble beach approached dynamic equilibrium with minor changes in the profile configuration. At the third stage the beach was in a high-energy state under the influence of Typhoon Meranti, and the response of the artificial cobble beach differed significantly from that of the low-tide terrace sandy beach. Within a short time, there was net onshore transport of cobbles in the cross-shore direction. The beach face was eroded, the beach berm was accumulated, and the slope of the beach was steepened considerably. In the alongshore direction, there was notable transport of cobbles on the beach from east to west along the shore, and the total volume of the beach decreased by 4.5×103 m~3, which accounted for 50% of the total amount of beach volume lost within three years. The fourth stage was the restoration stage after the typhoon, characterized by a little gentler profile slope and the increase in width and the decrease in height of beach berm. Because of the action of waves and the wave-driven longshore current caused by the specific terrain and landform conditions along the coast(e.g., coastal headlands, near-shore artificial structures, and reefs), the coastline of the artificial cobble beach gradually evolved from being essentially parallel to the artificial coast upon completion to a slightly curved parabolic shape, and three distinct erosion hotspots were formed on the west side of the cape and the artificial drainpipe, and the reefs. Generally, the adoption of cobbles for beach nourishment on this macro-tidal coast beach with severe erosion has yielded excellent stability and adaptability.     

九龙江口浮游植物群体对盐度胁迫的快速适应

Mixing of freshwater and seawater creates the well-known salinity gradients along the estuaries. In order to investigate how phytoplankton respond to the acute salinity changes, we exposed natural phytoplankton assemblies from the Jiulong River Estuary to differential saline field water while continuously monitoring their photosynthetic performances under both indoor-and outdoor-growth conditions. When the natural cell assemblies from salinity 30 field water were exposed to series low saline field water(salinity 25, 17, 13 and 7.5), the effective Photosystem II quantum yield(ΔF/F_m′) decreased sharply, e.g., to one-fifth of its initials after 5 min exposure to salinity 7.5 field water, and then increased fast during the following 40 min and almost completely recovered after 320 min. During such an exposure process, non-photochemical quenching(NPQ) sharply increased from 0 to 0.85 within 5 min, and then decreased to nearly 0 within the following 70 min. When these cells re-acclimated to salinity 7.5 field water were exposed to series high saline field water(salinity 13, 17, 25 and 30), a similar response pattern was observed, with the decreased ΔF/F_m′ accompanied with increased NPQ, and followed by the recovery-induced increase in ΔF/F_m′ and decrease in NPQ. A similar response pattern as ΔF/F_m′to the acute osmotic stress was also observed in the photosynthetic carbon fixation capacity according to radiocarbon(~(14)C) incorporation. Our results indicate that estuarine phytoplankton assemblies could rapidly recover from the acute osmotic stress, implying a potential cause for their frequent blooms in coastal-estuarine waters where despite drastically varying salinity, available nutrients are abundant due to the land-derived runoffs or mixing-caused relaxations from sediments.     

2018年秦皇岛风暴潮前后岸基站及浮标主要水质参数变化分析

对2018年8月秦皇岛风暴潮期间3个入海口岸基站及邻近海域浮标的监测数据进行分析,结果显示:风暴潮导致入海口水体中COD、总磷、总氮和氨氮含量均明显升高;风暴潮2 d之后,3个入海口邻近海域均发生赤潮,此次赤潮的发生与风暴潮导致陆源入海污染物骤然大幅升高有关。此次风暴潮导致秦皇岛人造河口、大蒲河口和七里海3个岸基监测站的COD监测日均值最高分别达到15.83 mg/L、8.70 mg/L和7.92 mg/L,约升高至前期的2倍、1.5倍和2倍;人造河口总氮变化不大,大蒲河口和七里海总氮升高30%左右;大蒲河口总磷变化不大,人造河口总磷为前期的3.5倍,升高幅度最大,七里海总磷为风暴潮之前两日的2倍,但未超过前一周的最高浓度;风暴潮当天及第二天,人造河口、大蒲河口、七里海氨氮日均值陆续达到最高,分别为2.34 mg/L、1.11 mg/L和0.12 mg/L,分别为风暴潮前两日的7倍、3.5倍和10倍。风暴潮过后,入海口临近海域发生赤潮,浮标监测到叶绿素a最高值为76.4μg/L,pH和溶解氧也大幅升高。分析表明,此次风暴潮导致的入海口污染物突然大幅升高为风暴潮之后的赤潮发生提供了充足的营养基础。